Non-Revenue Water (NRW) remains one of the most pressing issues for water utilities. It leads to financial losses, resource waste, and increased operational costs. Reducing NRW requires more than just reactive leak repair, it demands real-time insight, predictive modelling, and data-driven decisions. This is where Digital Twin technology provides a clear advantage.
A Digital Twin is a dynamic, data-integrated replica of a water network. It connects physical assets with digital systems through real-time data feeds, simulation tools, and analytics engines. When applied to NRW management, a Digital Twin allows utilities to detect leaks faster, manage pressure more precisely, and predict issues before they occur.
This article explains the core technical components of a Digital Twin and how each one contributes to measurable NRW reduction.
Aqua Analytics is a proven leader in Digital Twin development for water utilities across Australia. Our team brings together technical expertise and field experience to deliver platforms that reduce Non-Revenue Water, improve efficiency, and support smarter decision-making. If you are planning to implement a Digital Twin, we can help you build a system that delivers measurable results.
A Digital Twin relies on a strong data architecture to provide accurate and timely insights into water network performance. It brings together multiple data sources, processes that data in real time or in batches, and delivers actionable outputs through an integrated user interface.
The effectiveness of a Digital Twin begins with data. Common inputs include:
These sources create a connected view of the network, allowing utilities to link physical behaviour with digital outputs.
Data from each source is processed using Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) pipelines. These pipelines clean and organise the data so that it can be analysed effectively. APIs enable integration between systems, while data lakes or cloud platforms store the information securely.
Processing may happen in real time or in scheduled batches, depending on the source. For NRW applications, real-time processing supports faster leak detection and response, while batch processing is useful for long-term trend analysis and reporting.
This architecture creates the foundation for real-time leak detection monitoring and predictive control, including the use of AquaNRW. For NRW reduction, it enables teams to locate hidden losses, assess pressure zones, and deploy resources based on reliable data rather than estimates.
Digital Twins use modelling and simulation to improve visibility and control across a water network. This capability is critical for identifying pressure-related issues, forecasting demand, and predicting potential leaks before they result in significant losses.
Hydraulic models simulate the movement of water through pipes, valves, and reservoirs under varying conditions. By linking these models with real-time sensor data, utilities can:
These insights help operators move from reactive to proactive network management, improving overall system efficiency.
Digital Twins go further with the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence. These technologies analyse historical and real-time data to detect patterns and predict issues before they escalate.
Examples include:
By combining these models with live data, Digital Twins support faster and more accurate decisions that directly reduce Non-Revenue Water.
Accurate data is essential for a Digital Twin to deliver meaningful insights. This starts with reliable sensors that collect flow, pressure, and acoustic data across the network. The right sensor strategy improves visibility, supports faster leak detection, and enables better pressure control.
To minimise Non-Revenue Water, utilities deploy a range of sensor types across the network:
Each sensor type provides specific data that contributes to leak identification, pressure optimisation, and condition monitoring.
For real-time data acquisition, sensors need reliable and low-power communication networks. Many utilities now use cellular technologies such as Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), which offers strong underground penetration, long battery life, and low data transmission costs.
These communication networks ensure that high-frequency sensor data reaches the Digital Twin platform without delay, supporting continuous monitoring and fast response times.
Sensor performance depends not just on technology, but also on location. Placement strategies aim to cover critical points in the network, such as district metered areas (DMAs), pressure zones, and known high-risk areas. Increasing sensor density improves spatial accuracy, helping to pinpoint leaks and pressure issues faster.
A well-planned sensor network strengthens the Digital Twin’s ability to detect, localise, and reduce Non-Revenue Water with precision.
To reduce Non-Revenue Water effectively, a Digital Twin must work seamlessly with existing operational platforms. Integration ensures that data is not siloed, actions are automated, and teams can act on insights without delay.
A well-functioning Digital Twin connects to the following systems:
Integrating these systems allows the Digital Twin to generate a complete operational picture and link digital insights directly to physical actions.
System integration is essential to making Digital Twin insights actionable. It closes the gap between detection and resolution, helping utilities reduce water loss with less manual effort.
To evaluate how well a Digital Twin reduces Non-Revenue Water, utilities must track clear performance metrics. These indicators show where improvements are happening and help justify continued investment in technology, staffing, and infrastructure upgrades.
The following KPIs are commonly used to assess the impact of a Digital Twin on NRW:
These metrics can be calculated for the entire network or focused on specific regions, such as DMAs. Localised tracking allows for targeted interventions and a clearer view of performance over time.
By using these KPIs, utilities can measure the direct benefits of Digital Twin technology in reducing water loss, improving service delivery, and supporting sustainability targets.
Curious how Digital Twins perform in real-world water networks?
We’ve delivered successful outcomes for councils and utilities across Australia, reducing NRW, improving visibility, and driving cost savings.
Contact us for a free demo and to explore how using our AquaNRW digital twin solution can assist with reducing water loss in your supply system.
The International Water Association (IWA) Water Balance is a globally recognised methodology for assessing water losses and managing non-revenue water (NRW) in utility networks. For water utilities in Australia and New Zealand, managing NRW is a financial imperative and a critical factor in ensuring long-term water security, especially in regions prone to droughts and water scarcity. This post will delve into the technical aspects of the IWA Water Balance, explaining its relevance, structure, and application within the context of Australasian water utilities.
The IWA Water Balance is a detailed framework used to quantify the water supply components, identify where losses occur, and assist utilities in implementing strategies for reducing water losses. It helps distinguish between authorised consumption, apparent losses, and real losses—key components critical in water balance calculations.
The framework is widely adopted by utilities aiming to improve water network efficiency and minimise losses. In regions such as Australia and New Zealand, where water conservation is a top priority, the IWA Water Balance is integral to effective water management.
In many Australian states, especially Queensland and New South Wales, utilities reduce NRW to meet regulatory standards and ensure long-term water security. In New Zealand, NRW management is equally critical, particularly in regions like Auckland, which have seen significant population growth and associated water demand pressures. In Wellington, water restrictions in summer months place increased emphasis on fixing their leaking pipes and driving water loss lower.
A well-structured NRW management program, guided by the IWA Water Balance, allows utilities to pinpoint inefficiencies and implement data-driven solutions. The following strategies are particularly relevant for Australasia:
The IWA Water Balance also introduces the concept of Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL). This calculation helps utilities understand the minimum achievable level of real losses, given their networks’ age, condition, and operational characteristics.
In Australia and New Zealand, where infrastructure age varies significantly across regions, calculating the UARL allows utilities to set realistic targets for water loss reduction. Utilities with older, legacy infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, often face higher UARL, while more urban areas benefit from more modern networks that allow for lower achievable real loss levels.
The IWA Water Balance provides a structured approach for water utilities to analyse their losses and implement improvements. For Australian and New Zealand utilities, this methodology is vital for several reasons:
The IWA Water Balance is a powerful tool for managing NRW, particularly where water scarcity and regulatory pressures demand efficient water loss management. Utilities adopting the IWA methodology are better equipped to understand their water losses, reduce NRW, and implement sustainable solutions that benefit their financial bottom line and the environment.
As a leader in water loss management, Aqua Analytics offers a range of solutions, from pressure management and active leak detection to DMA design and management. For Australian and New Zealand utilities looking to improve their NRW performance, adopting the IWA Water Balance is the first step towards a more resilient and efficient water supply system.
For water utilities, controlling leaks and reducing non-revenue water can be a significant challenge. To ensure maximum efficiency in water distribution networks, it is important to understand what water loss management is, and how you can best address water loss through strategic management solutions.
At Aqua Analytics, we are passionate about implementing effective water loss management strategies to improve operational efficiencies for water utilities, ensure a reliable supply for their customers, and positively contribute to sustainable water networks.
Water loss management is the implementation of strategies, tactics, and activities to reduce water loss from a distribution network. Lost water can stem from leaks, burst pipes, incorrect meter registration or other administrative errors. The water lost within the system is referred to as real losses.
Non-revenue water is drinking water captured, treated, and pumped but not reached its intended destination. This can prove costly to water utility providers as it has been processed and costs incurred but not paid for by an end customer.
Effective water loss management requires a tailored approach, as every utility and scenario is unique. These projects will be specific to each water utility and sometimes to sections within a water management system.
At the beginning of any water loss and pressure management project, the consulting party should work closely with the utility to understand their objectives, budget, network requirements, and long-term goals. These asset management plans must be consistent with other aspects of their strategic or corporate objectives for the most effective results.
To provide further detail about “what is water loss management?”, here are six key questions that we always consider when working on any water loss management project.
After answering all these questions and identifying the project goals, water loss experts can deploy various tools, techniques, and technologies to identify problem areas and study the relevant sections of the water network.
With these areas identified, recommendations can be made to improve the network and reduce loss with improvements to infrastructure, monitoring and the replacement or remediation of pipeline sections.
At Aqua Analytics, we are passionate about using data and technology-driven solutions for all water management projects. Internet of things (IoT) devices allow for remote, real-time data collection for on-site inspections, real-time monitoring, and water loss management projects. The implementation of these data enabled components to contribute to developing a smart water network that improves the efficiency, longevity, and reliability of the physical water utilities. IoT devices for water pipelines are also incredibly affordable and easy to install, making them perfect for utilities looking to embrace digital solutions and improve overall operations.
If you would like any more information regarding “what is water loss management?” do not hesitate to contact the team at Aqua Analytics. We have over 120 years of combined experience in water loss management and active leak detection projects throughout Australia, New Zealand, and Asia. We pride ourselves on results-driven work and providing excellent service to our customers.
We continue to be the team that water utilities across Australia and New Zealand turn to when they require expert water loss and pressure management assistance. If you would like more information about our services or to enquire about how we partner with water utilities and councils, please contact us today.
In a world where water scarcity is becoming an increasingly pressing issue, the challenge of managing water resources has become more important than ever. Communities across the globe grapple with the complexities of water loss, facing the dual challenge of conserving a vital resource while meeting the needs of growing populations. In this blog, we’ll comprehensively explore New Zealand’s approach to mitigating water loss, focusing on innovative solutions and guidelines designed for government and local councils, aiming to safeguard this precious resource for future generations.
Water loss in New Zealand is a multifaceted issue, influenced by ageing infrastructure, natural challenges and the increasing demands of a growing population. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of the factors at play.
A significant portion of water loss can be attributed to leaks and breaks in ageing water supply systems. Regular maintenance and updates are essential to mitigate these losses.
Geographical and climatic factors also contribute to water loss, with droughts and natural wear on infrastructure exacerbating the issue.
As populations grow, so does the demand for water, putting additional pressure on existing water supply systems and highlighting the need for efficient water loss management strategies.
The adoption of advanced leak detection technologies has marked a significant turning point in the world of water conservation. Let’s explore how each of these technologies contributes to the broader goal of water conservation:
To protect New Zealand’s water resources, adhering to effective water loss management guidelines is important. These guidelines provide a strategic framework for assessing and implementing measures to ensure our water supply’s sustainability and efficiency.
Establish benchmarks for acceptable non-revenue water (NRW) levels to guide reduction targets. This often involves calculating non-revenue water (NRW), including both apparent and real losses.
Implementing systematic programs like acoustic sensors for detecting and repairing leaks can drastically reduce water loss, saving valuable resources and funds.
Upgrading and maintaining water supply infrastructure to prevent leaks and reduce water loss. This includes replacing ageing pipes, installing advanced metering infrastructure and using durable materials resistant to corrosion and breakage.
Reducing water pressure within the distribution system to minimise leak rates and burst frequency.
Educating the community about water conservation and leak reporting can foster a culture of water stewardship, aiding in water loss management efforts.
Accurately measuring non-revenue water (NRW) is important for sustainable water management. Here’s a closer look at the significance of NRW measurement:
Addressing water loss involves a comprehensive approach that includes advanced technologies, community engagement and strategic planning. At Aqua Analytics, we leverage cutting-edge technology to monitor water assets in real time, reduce water loss and enhance operational efficiency.
Our NRW consulting services are designed to navigate the complexities of water guidelines, ensuring utilities of all sizes can achieve better customer outcomes and meet water loss guidelines in New Zealand effectively. Please contact us today to find out how we can help you manage your pipeline network more effectively.
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